-History of the Artificial Kidney:

-1st artificial kidney is the dialysis machine
         - 1913: Animal Dialysis
         - 1948: Human Dialysis
         - 1955: Dialysis machines become commercially available
         - 1980: Dialysis machines (Peritoneal dialysis) become available

-History of Artificial Organs:

       - 1st self-contained artificial heart: Jarvik 7
       - Skin Grafts:
              - Greek Civilization- first record of skin graft
              - WWI reconstructive surgery
              - Cultured skin grafts- currently being developed and used

- History of Transplants:

       - 1933: 1st attempted kidney transplant (failed)
       - 1954: 1st successful kidney transplant
       - 1967: 1st attempted liver & heart transplants
       - 1968: 1st successful heart transplants

Jarvik 7 (1st Artificial Heart)